Optimisation of the MAGAT gel dosimeter compositions

Background: an effective polymer gel dosimeter can be fabricated by varying the composition of its chemical components

Materials and Methods: the MAGAT gel dosimeter formulations that used different compositions of Methacrylic acid [MAA] and gelatin were extensively investigated in the present study according to the R2-dose response and R2-dose sensitivity. The irradiation of MAGAT gel was performed by 6-MV photon beam at a dose range 1 to 10 Gy and was imaged by 1.5T Magnetic Resonance Imaging [MRI]. The dose response of MAGAT gel dosimeter was obtained from spin-spin relaxation rate [R2] of MRI signal

Results: the MAGAT gel dosimeter composed of 5% gelatin and 6% MAA gave the highest sensitivity [1.1180 s[-1]Gy[-1]]

Conclusion: understanding the effects of the compositional changes will help to clarify the mechanisms involved in the dose response of the MAGAT gel dosimeter

Clinical and laboratory studies on experimentally induced acute ruminal lactic acidosis in male goats

Acute ruminal acidosis was experimentally induced in six mixed breed of male goats, [15-18 months old and 27-38 kg body weight], by wheat flour, 50 g/kg BW, infused intraruminally through a surgically prepared ruminal cannula. Ruminal fluid and blood samples were obtained at 0, 12, 24 and 36 hours to evaluate ruminal fluid contents, serum biochemical changes and complete blood picture. Severe clinical signs of ruminal acidosis were evident by12 hours represented by depression, recumbency, diarrhea, grinding over the teeth, trembling, ruminal stasis, dehydration, polypnea and tachycardia. Sharp drop in ruminal fluid pH with parallel sharp increase in ruminal lactate and glucose levels were recorded. Ruminal protozoa completely disappeared following induction. Significant decrease in venous blood pH and a significant increase of serum levels of lactate, total protein, albumin, Gamma glutamyl transferase [GGT], urea and creatinine were obtained. Significant increase in hematocrit value, total leukocytic count, neutrophil and a significant decrease in lymphocyte were also recorded. Post mortum and histopathological examination were performed to confirm the disease

Clinical and epidemiological studies on respiratory manifestations in sheep

2390 Living sheep of different ages [1-12 months], sexes and breeds [Braky-Rhmany-Baladi] were examined clinically in the field for investigation of the animals which suffered from signs of respiratory manifestation [nasal discharge [serous-mucoid-mucopurulent], rapid breathing, severe dyspenea, pyrexia [rectal temp 40-41 c]. congested mucous membranes, lacrimation, coughing and abnormal lung sound by auscultation. The study was carried out on [150] pneumonic lambs. The morbidity rate was 6.2% [150/2390], mortality rate was 7.4% and fatality rate was 19.3% [29/150]. Bacteriological examination revealed that [75] samples were positive for bacterial growth with percentages [50%] from previously affected sites of samples. In total out of [127] bacterial isolates. Concerning Gram positive bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus was 10 [6.7%], Streptococcus 8 [5.3%], Staphylococcus epidermidis 14[9.3%].while the gram negative bacteria were identified as E, coli 30 [20%] Proteus sp 28 [13.3%] Enterobacter sp 9 [6%] Klebseilla pneumoniae subsp pneumoniae 5 [3.4]% Klebseilla ozaenae 7 [4.7%], Citrobacter diversus 6 [4%], Pasteurella multocida 2 [1.3%], Providencia 2 [1.3%], Pseudomonas aerugenosa 14 [9.3%] isolated from the different examined collected samples. Bacteriological examination for [14] lung samples revealed that Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were isolated from two samples [14.2]% and other bacteria were Mannheimia haemolytica, Pseudomonas Aerugenosa, Enterobacter agglumerans, Haemophillus somuns every one of them were isolated from one sample [7.1%]. Only actinomyces pyogenes was isolated from three samples [21.3%]. The bacterial examination of lung samples showed that; all isolate were single such as actinomyces pyogens from two samples [14.2], mannheimia haemolytica, haemophillus somnus Enterobacter agglomerans, Staph .aureus every one of them was isolated from one samples [7.1]%. Except two isolates were isolated from mixed cultures; Escherichia coli +Actinomyces pyogenes and E.coli +Staph aureus .Every isolates was isolated from 1sample [7.1%]. Sensitivity test revealed that most isolates were highly sensitive to Enrofloxacin, Cephaloexine, and Ampicillin and were resistant to streptomycin

Effect of dietary iodine supplementation on quality of cow's milk

To elucidate the influence of dietary iodine supplementation on quality of cow's milk 20 dairy Friesian cows were supplemented with potassium iodide for 7 weeks [at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg body weight] and another 20 Friesian cows, as a control group, were used. Milk samples were collected under aseptic conditions and subjected to chemical and bacteriological examination. The results indicated a significant increase in milk fat and protein percentage in iodine supplemented cows. On the other h and, the milk of control animals showed a significant increase in acidity percentage. Also, the methylene blue reduction time was much reduced than that of iodine supplemented cow's milk. Besides, a significant increase in both microbial counts and percentage of isolated microorganisms in milk of control animals than that of iodine supplemented ones. It can be concluded that, dietary iodine supplementation could be successfully used for improving milk quality

Effect of radiation on cellular immunity for osteoradionecrosis patients coupled with drug modulation

This study examined a group of osteoradionecrosis patients with respect to the ability of their peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMC]. To respond to phytohaemagglutinin [PHA]. Depression of PHA response of more than 30% below control group was found in our patients. These data suggest that radiation injury can lead to depression of the PHA responses, which correlates with the subsequent development of infectious complications. Indomethacin drug modulation in vitro seems to be unable to reverse this immunologic defect

Endothelial cell changes in welders

Morphological changes of the corneal endothelium were studied in 17 welders exposed occupationally to excess of the ultraviolet radiation using contact Specular microscopy. Results showed decrease in hexagonal cell population and cell density with increase in cell rosettes and cell free areas especially in older welders. These pleomorphic changes increase proportionately with duration of employment suggesting the role of ultraviolet radiation in the inhibition of cellular division and permeability changes

role of bacteroides melaninogenicus in cattle foot rot

Sixty-seven biopsy specimens collected from feet of 54 cows suffered clinically from foot rot were examined aerobically and anaerobically to investigate the bacteria involved. Bacteroides melaninogenicus was isolated from foot rot lesions in cattle, moreover Corynebacterium pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus also isolated. Hematological and biochemical investigation of the infected animals revealed a significant increase in white blood cell count, monocytes percentage, SGOT, alkaline phosphatases activities. Yet, on contrary, there was a significant decrease in the levels of serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus and hemoglobin concentration. However, early treatment of bovine foot rot is beneficial, when the local lesion, after curetting packed with sulphanilamide and covered with tar. Parenteral administration with penicillin streptomycin mixtures in a high dosages proved to be effective in the treatment of acute bovine foot rot than sulphademedine 33% or terramycin 100

role of oxfendazole [systamix] R in parasitic gastroenteritis in sheep

The efficacy and safety of oxfendazole were evaluated in sheep naturally infested with parasitic gastroenteritis. Oxfendazole was found to be an effective nematocidal drug without side effects under field conditions. Biochemical parameters as a criteria for liver, kidney and heart functions, did not show intoxication and /or cell disintegration in these organs. It is noteworthy to mention that, sanitary measures must be adopted beside the curative treatment in order to eliminate the parasite

Electron microscopy of urinary bladder carcinoma. A histocytological study

Urinary bladder carcinoma in Schistosoma cases presented a pllomorphic character; it shared many properties with transitional and squamous cell carcinomata though it had certain specific features. Electronumicrographs of exfoliated tumour cells in urine sediment showed clearly the criteria of malignancy. A cytopathological correlation was markedly noticed. As the medical library is still deficient in an easy and reliable mean for early detection of carcinoma in bilharzial urinary bladder a method was suggested for the use of electromicroscopy in urinary cytology for diagnosis of malignancy